Opis

Nationality in the Making Since 1789Presents a magisterial history of French nationality law from 1789. Focusing on the political and legal confrontations that policies governing French nationality have evoked and the laws that have resulted, this work teases out the rationales of jurists and lawmakers."How to Be French" is a magisterial history of French nationality law from 1789 to the present, written by Patrick Weil, one of France's foremost historians. First published in France in 2002, it is filled with captivating human dramas, with legal professionals, and with statesmen including La Fayette, Napoleon, Clemenceau, de Gaulle, and Chirac. France has long pioneered nationality policies. It was France that first made the parent's nationality the child's birthright, regardless of whether the child is born on national soil, and France has changed its nationality laws more often and more significantly than any other modern democratic nation. Focusing on the political and legal confrontations that policies governing French nationality have continually evoked and the laws that have resulted, Weil teases out the rationales of jurists and lawmakers.In so doing, he definitively separates nationality from national identity. He demonstrates that nationality laws are written not to realize lofty conceptions of the nation but to address specific issues such as the autonomy of the citizen towards the state or a sudden drop in population.; Throughout "How to Be French", Weil compares French laws to those of other countries, including the United States, Great Britain, and Germany, showing how France both borrowed from and influenced other nations' legislation. Examining moments when a racist approach to nationality policy held sway, Weil brings to light the Vichy regime's denaturalization of thousands of citizens, primarily Jews and anti-fascist exiles, and late-twentieth-century efforts to deny North African immigrants and their children access to French nationality.He also reveals stark gender inequities in nationality policy, including the fact that until 1927 French women lost their citizenship by marrying foreign men. More than the first complete, systematic study of the evolution of French nationality policy, "How to be French" is a major contribution to the broader study of nationality.About the author; Acknowledgments; Acronyms and abbreviationsIntroductionPart One The Construction of Modern Nationality Law in France 1. From the Old Regime to the Civil Code: The Two Revolutions in French Nationality; 2. The Triumph of Jus soli (1803-1889); 3. Naturalization Comes to the Aid of the Nation (1889-1940)Part Two Ethnic Crises in French Nationality 4. Vichy: A Racist and Anti-Semitic Nationality Policy; 5. The Difficult Re-establishment of Republican Legislation; 6. The Algerian Crisis in French Nationality; Conclusion, Parts One and TwoPart Three: Nationality in Comparison and in Practice 7. Jus Soli vs. Jus Sanguinis: The False Opposition Between French and German Law; 8. Discrimination within Nationality Law; 9. How Does One Become or Remain French? French Nationality in PracticeGeneral ConclusionAppendices; Notes; Maps and documents; Sources; Bibliography; Glossary; Index